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About This Resource
This C1 resource develops precise control of epistemic modality, the language speakers use to calibrate commitment to a claim. It compares modal verbs and related expressions according to evidence, reasoning, expectations, and context without assigning fixed percentage values to individual forms.
What You’ll Learn
• Distinguish stronger and weaker levels of commitment to an uncertain claim.
• Choose modal and nonmodal expressions according to the available evidence and reasoning.
• Recognize that the force of a modal can change with context.
• Calibrate certainty without overstating what the evidence supports.
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