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About This Resource
This B1–B2 resource introduces controlled reduction of relative and adverb clauses for more concise professional and academic English. It focuses on active -ing reductions, passive past-participle reductions, and subject control so that shortened structures remain clear and grammatically connected.
What You’ll Learn
• Recognize when a fuller clause can be expressed in a reduced form.
• Use -ing phrases for selected active relative-clause reductions.
• Use past participles for selected passive reductions.
• Maintain correct understood subjects in reduced adverb-clause patterns.
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